concepts of database management system pdf

These offer further alternatives to traditional relational database design. Other types of DBMS models include a graph database model, where graph models are used for semantic queries, and an entity-relational model. Engineers also have to look at tools for consistency and resolution of data throughout the system, to promote uniformity and fix various problems of correlation. Some of the considerations for NoSQL database design involve the degree of normalization or structuring of data that occurs, and how the database system handles that. Here, instead of being composed of relational tables, database systems use object designs to work with the identities and attributes discussed above. One prominent type of NoSQL DBMS is called the object-oriented database model. It's also important to note that NoSQL is a much more abstract term than the traditional 'relational database.' In a sense, NoSQL is “not relational,” at least in the traditional sense. Experts suggest that the best way to understand NoSQL is to translate it to mean “not only SQL,” or in other words, using NoSQL broadly to describe systems that are beyond the traditional SQL and relational database models. Since then, an even newer concept emerged called NoSQL. The rows and columns of an individual database table include those identities and attributes in such a way that traditional structured query language or SQL can be used to pull various kinds of information on these relational models. In the relational database model, individual components have attributes that are linked to their identities through a database table design. However, over time, these models became overtaken by something called a relational database.

In the network model, the difference is that a single component can have multiple relationships – think of this as a single node being able to “multicast” connections.

The hierarchy model is one where each node or component has a child/parent relationship with one other node or component.The earliest types of database management systems consisted mainly of hierarchy and network models.

Techopedia Explains Database Management System (DBMS)

Concepts of database management system pdf